Pre-Production Process

Type of Production
In short, there are about 3 types of moving image production. These are factual, fictional and promotional.

A factual production would be anything from a media product such as a film based on real events (however this also may not be true to some extent because it would be the script writers and directors own interpretation of those events) to an unscripted documentary. A fictional production would be anything pretty much where a story has been invented to entertain an audience with either none of very little truth behind it. Two example of this would be the 1998 film Saving Private Ryan which is a fictional production centered around the true events of World War II and the 1988 film Beetlejuice which is a completely fictional production with no true events that influenced it. A promotional production would be a media product used promote a brand, convince a target audience and to influence people to do or buy what the promotional production is telling the receivers to do.

Our moving image production is a completely fictional piece that is used to entertain an audience. We distributed our product by uploading it to YouTube where it can be freely viewed by anyone anywhere in the world. There are many other methods of  distribution such as DVDS/CDS/VHS, cinema and television.

Finance and Sources of Funding
There are multiple ways to source funding for moving image productions. An example of this would be Crowd Funding (using websites such as GoFundMe) which is where you ask a large number of people each for a small amount of money. Some people invest in projects simply because they want to do a nice thing and help someone and there are other people who invest because there are rewards available if they donate specific amounts of money such as having their name in the credits of a production or even being an extra.
Another example would be using Public Money. This is money that has been generated by the government and used to provide goods and services for the general public which essentially come from taxes. A final example would be having a TV License. A TV License is a legal permission to install or use television receiving equipment to watch or record shows as they are being shown. The popular American show The Walking Dead has a budget of approximately £2-£2.3 million per episode . In 2013 The Walking Dead became the most expensive scripted series to buy 30-second ad spaces for, with the series earning about $326,000 per spot. Ad spots are a popular method to build up money to finance a show, film etc.

Requirements
-Props                                      -Producers, directors etc               -Accommodation (for actors, extras etc)
-Camera Equipment                  - Extras                                         -Sets
-Costume                                  -Lighting                                        -Editors
-Actors                                     -Catering                                       -Script Writers
-CGI and Special Effects          -Make Up Artists                           -Camera Men
-Music Composers                   -Stunt Doubles

Requirements (con'td)
Personally I had to obtain new special effects makeup products as I was the main zombie in our project. As a group we borrowed the camera equipment from the college. This involved a DSLR camera, tripod and an SD card.We also used the software on the computers to edit our footage. We provided our own wardrobe for our production as well as the props.

Personnel
For a low budget short film, the make up of the team would be essentially quite basic as there would not be a surplus of money to spend on hiring people and buying props, equipment etc. The team would mainly consist of the camerman, actors, director, editor and possibly a script writer.
For a television programme, the team would be far more extensive than a low budget film as there would be plenty more money to spend. The makeup of the team would include extensive job roles such as lighting crew, composers for soundtracks and theme songs, editors etc. There would be a large amount of money invested into the show and therefore it would be made to the highest quality. The highest quality of props and equipment would also be bought.For example, The Walking Dead involves an immensely large amount of people from special effects artists to the actors themselves. When the show first started back in 2010 there was a small budget and therefore the budget and team makeup was rather small. As the show has grown, the team makeup has increased and now the show budget is approximately £2 million per episode. Their crew involves stuntmen, production management, transportation department etc.


Time As a group, we had a time frame of approximately 3 weeks to do the filming with another extra couple of weeks to finish the complex task of editing our footage to a standard us as a group found acceptable. We managed to meet the deadline of the filming/editing quite easily. In the film industry, there are major consequences that can happen if deadlines are not met. These consequences can involve job and money loses. Luckily our team were there for the majority of lessons which mean we did not run into editing time or over the deadline. Facilities For our short film, our facilities mainly involved the college. For example, the benches outside Poulson block and the toilets in the downstairs of Poulson. Our facilities also involved the park opposite the college. Whilst filming in the college, we needed to obtain permission and so we had to have a release form. For the park we did not require a release form due to the fact it was a public space. These spaces were perfect as they all involved natural lighting one way or another however did have trouble with the audio whilst filming outside due to the weather and so we probably could have done with a microphone. Gathering Materials For our short film we had a budget of £10 that was covered by the college, luckily we did not need to use the money due to the fact we didn't need to buy anything. The special effects makeup was provided by myself, the sandwich was bought by a member of our group. When it came to editing, we used software that the college provided (Premier Pro). For the music and sound effects we sourced them from free music/sound file websites. Locations The locations for our short film involved the college and the park opposite the college. We had to have a signed release form to allow us to film in the college but due to the park being a public area, no release form was required. Before we filmed, we took pictures of the areas we would plan to film in. In the professional filming industry, people are sent out to different locations in different countries to take pictures of areas in which scenes could be filmed. Codes of Practise and Regulations When creating productions, copyright can stand in the way. For example, music copyright is one of the main limitations. We managed to avoid this by using free copyright sounds and music. When someone wants to use copyrighted music in films, they have to buy the rights to use the song which can be very expensive. In some situations, "fair use" allows copyrighted music to be used for free. As an example, if someone was to use copyrighted music without buying the rights to it then this would be under the "fair use" rule and they would be breaking the copyright law. When filming productions, before any actual filming can take place, the locations must be found or built if making a set. In some cases, permission to film will be needed as the land could be private property. Places like malls and theme parks have been seen in films multiples times and permission was needed. Regulatory bodies are the public sector organisations that oversee and govern a number of areas a number of areas where film making can be affected. Local authorities can permit filming in specific areas, health and safety which can e sure a safe set to film on. The BBFC is an example determines a films age release certificate. OFCOM is another example that has control over things that companies and crew can do when filming.